Assessment of genetic diversity using microsatellite markers and milk productivity of Mugalzhar horses

Abstract

Background and Aim. At "Chromtau Beef" LLP in Aktobe region, Mugalzhar horse breed is primarily used for meat and milk production. This largely depends on improving breeding techniques through introduction genetic achievements in farm and identifying and realizing genetic potential for productivity and breeding quality in production. The purpose this research was to study the zootechnical and genetic characteristics of modern population horses Mugalzhar breed using DNA markers. Materials and Methods. In this study, we studied polymorphism microsatellite markers to assess genetic differentiation sample Mugalzhar horses. Data on 17 microsatellite loci 20 heads horses from Aktobe population were used. The results were compared using GenAlEx 6.503 program: FST was calculated using matrix distances between alleles; according to matrix distances between genotypes.
Results. The study zootechnical characteristics revealed that horses did not differ from breed standard in measurements. The milk production linebred mares varied considerably during 105 days lactation (average milk production Bekzat, Bau and Paluantora mares was 1701.0, 1492.05 and 1431.15 litres, respectively). Higher productivity was observed at 2-3 months lactation, after which milk yields gradually decreased and more sharply towards end lactation. Estimates genetic differentiation breed were obtained: FST = 0.028, matrix distances between genotypes = 0.015. A high correlation of FST and GD with Nei polocus differentiation scores was found (100). The inbreeding coefficient Fis for studied loci was found to have negative value (-0.014), which shows predominance heterozygous genotypes in Mugalzhar breed horse population.
Conclusion. The coefficients variability (Cv) for both size and live weight are low, indicating uniformity horses. Our research has shown that Mugalzhar mares from different lines have different levels milk production. Simulation Mugalzhar breed with GD close to zero resulted in increase in number alleles per locus by 40%. It is advisable to use results obtained in development breeding measures to
preserve diversity of breed.