PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF MICROORGANISMS OF THE ENTEROBACTERIACEAE FAMILY ISOLATED FROM DOGS WITH PARVOVIRUS ENTERITIS AND CLINICALLY HEALTHY CONTROLS IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

One of the main problems in the treatment of infectious diseases in pets is the spread of strains of microorganisms  resistant to antimicrobial drugs. The aim of the study was to isolate conditionally pathogenic microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family from dogs with parvavirus enteritis and clinically healthy animals, with the determination of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to antimicrobial drugs. In the period from March 2021 to March 2023, biological material from dogs with parvavirus enteritis (n = 152) and healthy dogs (n = 196), taken in veterinary clinics of Kostanay, was analyzed. Eighty-two isolates of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family were isolated and studied from 348 biomaterial samples taken from dogs with enteritis. Conditionally pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae were isolated in 26.3% of cases (40 strains), among them: 65% of E.coli strains, 12% - Klebsiella, 10% - Proteus, 8% - Citrobacter, 5%- Enterobacter. Forty two microorganisms were isolated from healthy dogs: 83% are E.coli microorganisms, 5% are Klebsiella and Proteus isolates, and 2% are Citrobacter and Enterobacter microorganisms. In all isolated isolates, the resistance/sensitivity to the action of antibacterial drugs was determined by the disco-diffuse method. It was revealed that all isolated strains of microorganisms showed sensitivity to the action of streptomycin, belonging to the group of aminoglycosides, showed resistance to tetracycline, doxycycline, ofloxacin, ampicillin, amoxicillin. Resistance genes have been identified to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides. The resistance gene to fluoroquinolones was isolated from 1 E. coli isolate, from a healthy animal. Resistance genes were not detected in the DNA of Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Proteus isolates isolated from clinically healthy dogs. The most common genes were genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides - 28% of strains, to beta-lactams - 21.9%, to tetracyclines - 13.4% of animals. It was concluded that the uncontrolled and frequent use of antibacterial drugs of the beta-lactam group and tetracyclines in dogs leads to the spread of genotypic resistance among microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family.