PRODUCTION OF SUPER-ELITE PLANTING STOCKS OF APPLE VARIETIES AND CLONAL ROOTSTOCKS

Abstract

The results of rooting in in vitro culture of apple varieties, clonal rootstocks (Malus domestica Borkh.) and wild Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem apple forms and the production of super-elite planting stocks are presented in the article.
Methods of mass production of shoots in tissue culture on nutrient media have been worked out. The composition of nutrient media for rooting in in vitro culture was optimized, the most optimal nutrient medium consists of: ½ salts of Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), 0.25 mg/l Indole-3-butyric acid, 1.75 g/l gelrite, 4 g/l agar, pH 5.7. In vitro rooted plants were adapted to the soil substrate. For better plantability, the shoots are initially required to be placed in a soil substrate in a hole with moist, sterile perlite, the containers should be covered from above with plastic caps to keep moisture. As the soil dries up, the plants need to be sprayed with water in the morning and in the evening, also it is necessary to fertilize the shoots with solutions of the mineral salts of MS medium every 20-25 days after planting in the soil. As the soil substrates are suitable "Ready to use universal soil", sterile black earth and a 1/1 mixture of the prepared soil substrate and sterile black earth. The proven technique allows to get healthy planting stocks all year round regardless of the season. As a result, the selection process is shortened by selecting the forms according to the needed characteristics directly in the in vitro culture. The use of in vitro aseptic, healthy plants from viral, bacterial and mycoplasma infection facilitates the procedure for quarantine control in the international exchange of germplasm.