Рациональное использование генетического потенциала мясного скота при промышленном скрещивании

Abstract

Abstract

Background and Аim. Improving the efficiency of beef cattle production requires optimal utilization of the genetic potential of beef breeds and rational selection of breed combinations. One of the effective ways to intensify the industry is industrial crossbreeding based on heterosis. The aim of the study was a comparative evaluation of meat productivity, beef quality, and feed bioconversion indicators in the F₁ crossbred offspring of Kazakh White-Headed cattle and their crosses with the Light Aquitaine breed.

Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on young beef cattle, which were divided into four groups based on the analogue principle: purebred Kazakh White-Headed bulls and heifers (control group) and their crossbred offspring (½ Light Aquitaine × ½ Kazakh White-Headed). Animals were raised and fattened until 21 months of age. Measurements included live weight, average daily weight gain, feed intake, pre-slaughter weight, slaughter indicators, carcass morphological and grading composition, chemical composition of meat, energy value, and protein and energy bioconversion coefficients. The collected data were analyzed using variance statistical methods, and the significance of differences was assessed by Student’s t-test.

Results. Crossbred bulls showed significantly higher live weight, average daily gain, and slaughter weight compared to purebred counterparts. The heterosis effect was manifested in increased yield of tender meat, higher proportion of first- and high-grade meat, and more efficient feed utilization. Crossbred meat was characterized by high protein content and moderate fat, providing optimal energy value. Protein and energy bioconversion indicators confirmed that industrial crossbreeding is both biologically and economically effective for beef production.

Conclusion. Industrial crossbreeding of Kazakh White-Headed cattle with Light Aquitaine cattle is an effective approach to increasing meat productivity, improving beef quality, and enhancing the economic efficiency of production.

Keywords: beef cattle production; industrial crossbreeding; crossbred bulls; meat productivity; feed bioconversion; beef quality.