INDICATORS OF LIFE-RESISTANCE OF THE ELMOLY-TYPE ELMUS DEPENDING ON AGE AND LOCATION IN THE SOUTH-EAST OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

In the south-east of Kazakhstan, where the rural population is about 1.3 million people, there is a dense network of roads and over 3.0 million hectares of annually cultivated rainfed arable land with increased erosion hazard, the formation of land reclamation landscapes suggests optimal use of land with ecological , economic and social points of view and therefore is considered as the
most promising area of organization of this territory. Protective forest stands, being the object of multifunctional impact on the environment, form stable and fundamentally new forest landscapes with a high degree of self-regulation. The processes of growth, development and decay of protective stands in the region proceed in the same mode regardless of the initial goals of their creation. Some differences in terms of stability have only lanes along the roads, which, apparently, is associated with the accumulation of moisture in them due to rainfall draining from the canvases. In the region under consideration, which has extremely harsh conditions for plant growth, about 10 tree and shrub species were subjected to lengthy tests. Of these, Ulmus parvifolia reached their best performance. For this species, the maximum preservation of trees (80-90%) and growths (0.85-1.1 m) were established both in the first years of life and in the subsequent one. It was also found that their root system extends both in depth and on the sides, thereby covering more spaces for water supply. Agrotechnical and forestry measures for planting care are some of the effective measures that have a direct impact on the sustainability of plantations. It was revealed that for planting forest strips from
Ulmus parvifolia, soil cultivation should be carried out according to a two-year-old black pair, at which the maximum indicators of soil moisture (18-21 mm.) Are achieved, and the soil is soaked to a depth of 170-190 cm.