STUDY OF INTROGRESSIVE LINES OF WINTER WHEAT BY GENES OF RESISTENCE TO HARD SMUT TILLETIA CARIES (DC.) FOR USE IN ORGANIC FARMING

Abstract

Hard wheat smut is one of the most harmful diseases in wheat production worldwide. The causative agent is the fungus Tilletia caries (DC.). One of the effective methods of combating this disease is the creation and introduction of new genetically resistant to hard smut wheat varieties. To solve the issues of selection of genotypes resistant to smut, it is relevant to use highly effective DNA markers in the wheat breeding process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate wheat breeding lines on the natural background of organic farming for resistance to hard smut and identification by genes Bt9, Bt8, Bt10 and Bt11 using DNA markers. Wheat samples were evaluated against the natural background of organic farming for resistance to hard smut and identified by the genes Bt9, Bt8, Bt10 and Bt11 using DNA markers. As the research material, 16 introgressive lines of winter wheat from the LLP «Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing» collection were used, obtained on the basis of crosses with wild relatives. Two SSR markers were used in the work - Xgwm114 and Xgpw7433. Molecular genetic labeling of 16 breeding samples for resistance to hard smut allowed us to identify two introgressive lines of winter wheat (1127-7, 2041-7) having a complex of genes Bt9, Bt8, Bt10 and Bt11. The use of the Xgpw7433 marker made it possible to isolate two carriers of the Bt9 gene (1127-7, 2041-7). Using the marker Xgwm114, nine samples with the genes of resistance to hard smut Bt8, Bt10, Bt11 were isolated (1127-7, 1675-170, 1717-27, 1723-11, 2005-1 2005-13, 2041-7, 2046-1, KZ231). It was found that all the studied 16 lines were not affected by hard smut pathogens when studied under organic farming conditions. Distinguished introgressive lines of winter wheat are a valuable donor and source material for breeding for resistance to hard smut. These lines can be of great practical importance for use in organic farming.