THE STATE OF PASTURE LANDS, PASTURE LOAD AND MEASURES FOR RATIONAL USE AND PREVENTION OF DEGRADATION OF PASTURES OF THE DRY STEPPE ZONE OF AKMOLA REGION

Abstract

Rational use of pasture lands has become one of the most urgent problems of agricultural production in Kazakhstan. As a result of extensive overuse of natural pasture lands, the most valuable grasses are eroded, and inedible grasses multiply rapidly, and soon pastures turn into pasture lands with low productivity. In this regard, today a significant part of natural pastures is polluted with harmful and poisonous plant species that do not feed on cattle.

The article considers the state of the pasture lands of the Akmola region, analyzes the pasture areas, the number of cattle (cattle). Also, the pasture capacity and the required amount of pasture for one head of cattle are calculated for each district – that is, the actual load on pastures. A comparative assessment carried out according to normative indicators showed a lack of pasture land in some areas. This, in turn, requires the creation of a pasture turnover that allows rational use of pasture lands. To make decisions based on the management of pasture resources, first of all it is necessary to have an idea of the relationship between the actual number of livestock and the norm of pasture load given in the article.