Scientific experience in the adaptation of introduced species in the green belt of Astana

Abstract

Background and Aim. The species composition of trees and shrubs in Astana's urban landscaping and green belt is limited. Therefore, to increase biodiversity, it is necessary to introduce native plants resistant to the region's challenging soil and climatic conditions. The aim of this study is to assess the current status of introduced species in Astana's green belt.
Materials and Methods. The study subjects were coniferous and deciduous introduced species planted in 2011 with open root systems (ORS) and closed root systems (CRS) in Astana's green belt. Forest plant inventory methods were used to determine the stability of the introduced species, using generally accepted methodologies.
Results. The highest survival rates were demonstrated by Рedunculate oak (85.3%) and Siberian spruce (66.2%) (ORS). The highest survival rates were observed for seedlings of the Spruce genus Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb), prickly spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.), and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) in closed root systems (75.4%, 56.9%, and 42.5%, respectively). Growth variability for the trees ranged from moderate to high, indicating significant differences in this indicator, which depends on plant biology and weather conditions. Common oak (Quercus robur L,) reached an average height of 586.2 cm, while Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) reached 492.1 cm. Among introduced species of the Spruce genus, black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton,) and prickly spruce led in virtually all taxation indicators. Flowering and fruiting are currently observed in black spruce, Siberian spruce, Engelmann spruce (closed root systems), Siberian larch, and common oak (open root systems).
Conclusion. Based on research results, English oak, prickly spruce, and Siberian spruce are recommended for further use in Astana's green belt. These trees have a high survival rate, good condition, and are resilient to the region's soil and climatic conditions. With optimal planting and care practices, black spruce and Engelmann spruce, which are highly ornamental and quite resilient, can also be recommended for cultivation.