AGROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE VEGETATION SEASON AND PEA PRODUCTIVITY: ADAPTATION MEASURES

Abstract

The intensification of sustainable pea production in the conditions of changes in agrometeorological indicators depends on the improvement and development of tillage and seeding systems. The idea of research is rational use of natural and climatic resources by agro-ecological zones of the country, intensification of sustainable pea production on the basis of development of soil tillage and sowing systems in crop rotation. The study of tillage and sowing systems was carried out in longstanding stationary field experiments on southern carbonate and ordinary chernozemic soil. The paper presents the effectiveness of various tillage and seeding systems and their impact on the hydrophysical properties of the soil, soil fertility, weed infestation of crops and on increasing sustainability of pea production under drought conditions. The research results have shown the effectiveness of minimum tillage and direct seeding systems in the effective use of soil and water resources. The analysis of the relationship of perennial agrometeorological indicators and cultivation systems with the productivity of pea in Northern Kazakhstan is carried out. The correlation coefficient of pea productivity with agrometeorological factors is 0.83. The inclusion of pea in crop rotation is one of the ways to diversify crop production and increase the financial stability of agricultural producers. The direct seeding and the minimum tillage system reduce the unit production cost of pea by 35-40%. The use of minimum tillage and direct seeding system in drought ridden years increases the yield of peas by more than 6 times in comparison with the conventional tillage system. In wet years, the crop yield of pea grain against the background of minimum tillage and direct seeding increases by 1.5-2.0 times. The use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers increases the productivity of peas by 1.5 c/ha. The intensification of pea growing systems is aimed at the effective use of agro-climatic indicators, reducing the variation in pea yield depending on weather conditions. The regularity of pea productivity has been established depending on the degree of availability of heat and moisture resources in soil zones.