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Abstract

At present, the average potato crop yield in the Republic of Kazakhstan does not exceed 17 tons / ha, which is related to the defeat of cultivated potato varieties by a viral, fungal and bacterial infection. The organization of elite potato seed production in the republic leaves much to be desired. To solve the problems of low potato productivity, the optimal solution is the breeding of varieties resistant to phytopathogens. However, the process of creating varieties that are resistant to various diseases, and at the same time satisfying the other economically valuable characteristics is long and time-consuming. The key to success is the correct selection of initial material. This article is devoted to determining the prevalence of the main virus diseases of potato (such as
mosaic leaf curl, potato leaves roll, wrinkled and mottled potato mosaic) and late blight on leaves in the collection nursery of the potato breeding laboratory of the Kostanai Research Institute of Agriculture. The degree of infection with potato viruses of 497 varieties, seedlings and hybrids of domestic and foreign breeding was determined by the method of visual and ELISA diagnostics, and varieties free of the viruses were isolated. Stability of potato varieties and hybrids to late blight disease on leaves during epiphytotic conditions was determined. The initial material for further breeding work for potato virus and Phytophthora infestans resistance potato varieties is singled out.