-

Abstract

The damage caused by a viral infection varies depending on the virus in the range of 15 to 95%. One of the most important viruses that infect potatoes and cause severe crop losses, a decrease in product quality (50% or more depending on the variety, cultivation conditions and strain) is the potato Y-virus. In our country, the average potato yield does not exceed 17 tons / ha, which is a low indicator, in comparison with the productivity of foreign countries 45-50 tons / ha (Netherlands, USA, Israel, Germany). The relatively low yield in the republic is due to the fact that in the seed production of potatoes, due attention is not paid to the diagnosis of plants
for infection with viral diseases. When examining seed potato plantations, only a visual diagnostic method is used that does not allow the identification of latent forms of virus carrying. The purpose of our studies was to assess the overall prevalence of
potato Y-virus in the territory of the country in different climatic zones. Thus, the present paper presents the results of three-year studies on the propagation of the potato Y-virus in various regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan by the method of enzyme immunoassay. Infection of 67 varieties of PVY potato was studied, and varieties were found that were free of the virus being studied. The maximum affection of field planting of potatoes by a viral infection is 55% in Southern Kazakhstan, the affection of planting of PVY potato in Eastern Kazakhstan is 42%, in Northern 39%, in Central - 28%, and the minimal affection in Western Kazakhstan is
17%. The prevalence of the potato Y-virus has been established towards the southern and southeastern regions of cultivation.