Diagnostics of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) and Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract

This article devoted on the diagnostics of tomato viruses – Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) and Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) – aggressive, dangerous quarantine pathogens new to the Republic of Kazakhstan that pose a serious threat to tomato cultivation in greenhouses and open fields.

A total of 164 plant samples from various regions of Kazakhstan (Turkestan, Almaty, and Akmola regions) were tested using RT-PCR. The presence of ToBRFV was detected in 14% of the samples, and PepMV in 7%. Positive results were confirmed using the Immunochromatographic test systems (ITS). A correlation between symptoms and molecular data was established, and the high effectiveness of the combined use of molecular and immunological diagnostic methods was demonstrated.

The data obtained confirm the circulation of both viruses within the republic and underscore the need to strengthen phytosanitary control of imported products and resistant varieties, conduct regular monitoring of crops, and implement modern laboratory diagnostic methods to minimize economic losses in Kazakhstan’s vegetable production.