The effect of biopreparations on soil microbiological activity and the yield of spring wheat in organic farming

In the context of the transition of agriculture to the principles of sustainable development and environmentally oriented production, organic farming is gaining particular relevance. It is based on the rejection of synthetic fertilizers and chemical plant protection products.

Abstract

In the context of the transition of agriculture to the principles of sustainable development and environmentally oriented production, organic farming is gaining particular relevance. It is based on the rejection of synthetic fertilizers and chemical plant protection products. In this regard, biological preparations (biological products) play an important role—microbiological agents capable of increasing the biological activity of soil, improving the processes of mineralization and transformation of nutrients, and ensuring stable crop formation. The studies were conducted on spring soft wheat crops of the “KZ-231” variety under the conditions of an organic experimental station of LLP “KazRIAPG” on light chestnut soils of the south-eastern region of Kazakhstan. (Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of various biological products created on the basis of various strains of microorganisms,on the agrobiological and microbiological properties of soil, the phytosanitary condition of crops, and the yield of spring wheat under organic farming conditions. During field and laboratory studies, the degree of suppression of phytopathogenic fungi was examined; phenological observations of plant growth and development were carried out; the incidence of diseases and pests was assessed; and yield structure components were recorded. The obtained results indicate a positive effect of biological products on the biological condition of soil and the productivity of spring wheat. The use of bacterial biological products can be considered a promising method for biologization and reducing the pesticide load on the environment. According to the study, the most effective biological products was Fosfobacirin C, a microbial product that mobilizes poorly soluble forms of phosphate from the soil.