Nanoparticles as a сomponent of in vitro рlant tissue culture technology

Abstract

Background and Aim. Nanoparticles of various types, sizes, and morphologies have demonstrated high potential as promising agents for addressing numerous challenges in crop production, functioning as fertilizers, growth regulators, and pesticides. Nanoparticles can stimulate seed germination and promote the gradual release of optimal amounts of water and nutrients. These properties, together with the biocidal activity of nanoparticles, have stimulated interest in the application of nanoparticles in in
vitro plant tissue culture.
Materials and Methods. The literature review was conducted using the Google Scholar, Elsevier, and
eLibrary databases. This review analyzes publications on the use of nanoparticles of various elements as components of modified nutrient media aimed at improving the efficiency of microclonal propagation
of different plant species. The study examines the dual effects of nanoparticles on plant development in vitro, ranging from growth stimulation to phytotoxicity.
Results. The mechanisms of interaction between nanoparticles and plant cells, the advantages of
nanofertilizers over conventional formulations, and the prospects for using different types of nanoparticles
(metals, oxides, silicon, and carbon-based materials) as components of nutrient media, including their potential to reduce contamination risks, are discussed. The review highlights the numerous advantages of nanoparticles in in vitro plant tissue culture, while also emphasizing the need for further research to optimize nanoparticle dosages and application methods in plant biotechnology.
Conclusion. Improving clonal micropropagation techniques through the use of nanoparticles is of significant practical importance, as it can enhance the efficiency of developing new plant varieties and forms using biotechnological approaches, contribute to the conservation of plant genetic resources, and increase the rate of propagation of source material for primary seed production.