Expansion of genetic variability in common millet based on artificial hybridisation

Abstract

Background and Aim. Expanding the genetic diversity of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is an important goal in plant breeding programs, as many existing varieties exhibit limited adaptability and productivity. The aim of this study was to obtain hybrid generations through artificial hybridization and to conduct a preliminary evaluation of their productivity-related traits in order to identify promising breeding material.

Materials and Methods. The study was conducted using domestic cultivars and collection accessions from VIR and the USDA adapted to the climatic conditions of Kazakhstan. A total of 43 crossing combinations were performed, followed by an assessment of seed formation and an initial evaluation of productivity traits in the hybrid plants.

Results. Of the 43 crossing combinations, 22 resulted in successful seed formation, with an average seed formation rate of 9.4%. The highest results were observed when local varieties were crossed with foreign accessions, indicating high genetic compatibility and strong breeding potential of the material. A preliminary evaluation of the hybrid plants revealed combinations with favourable productivity parameters.

Conclusion. The obtained hybrids represent valuable material for further breeding aimed at developing promising proso millet lines with improved agronomic traits. Future research will involve a detailed evaluation of productivity and adaptability in the selected hybrids.