Расширение генетической изменчивости проса обыкновенного на основе искусственной гибридизации

Abstract

Background and objective. The expansion of the genetic diversity of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is an important goal in plant breeding programs, as many existing varieties show limited adaptability and productivity. The aim of this study was to obtain hybrid generations through artificial hybridization and to perform a preliminary evaluation of their productivity-related traits in order to identify promising breeding material.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted using domestic cultivars and collection accessions from VIR and USDA that were adapted to the climatic conditions of Kazakhstan. A total of 43 crossing combinations were performed, followed by assessment of seed formation and initial evaluation of productivity traits in the hybrid plants.

Results. Of the 43 crossing combinations, 22 resulted in successful seed formation, with an average seed formationrate of 9.4 percent. The highest results were observed when local varieties were crossed with foreign accessions, indicating high genetic compatibility and breeding potential of the material. Preliminary evaluation of hybrid plants revealed combinations with favorable productivity parameters.

Conclusion. The obtained hybrids represent valuable material for further breeding aimed at developing promising proso millet lines with improved agronomic traits. Future research will involve detailed evaluation of productivity and adaptability in the selected hybrids.