IMPROVEMENT OF THE ASPECTS OF EFFICIENT USE OF IRRIGATED LANDS IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

Background and Aim. The article examines the aspects of efficient use of irrigated lands in the south-eastern region of Kazakhstan. Based on temperature indicators and field research results, measures to increase the productivity of irrigated agriculture are scientifically substantiated. Practical recommendations are proposed for the rational use of water and land resources and for improving economic efficiency. The south-eastern region of Kazakhstan is characterized by an arid climate and water scarcity, which makes the improvement of irrigated agriculture a priority. The objective of the research is to determine and justify effective approaches to the use of irrigated lands and to increase their productivity through the introduction of catch crops.

Materials and Methods. The study calculated the thermal requirements of agricultural crops and compared them with the actual hydrothermal conditions of the region. Data from field experiments conducted in south-eastern Kazakhstan were used. The economic efficiency of growing main and catch crops was analyzed.

Results. It was found that the introduction of catch crops after the main crops increases profitability by 129–149 %. The highest net income — 171–197 thousand KZT/ha — was achieved when winter triticale was grown as the main crop followed by catch crops. The cultivation of Sudan grass for green mass as a catch crop did not provide a significant economic effect.

Conclusion. The rational use of irrigated lands in the arid conditions of south-eastern Kazakhstan can be ensured through the application of catch crops. This approach enhances economic efficiency, increases the productivity of agricultural lands, and contributes to the sustainability of agricultural production under water deficit conditions.