Spring soft wheat hybrids inheritance of quantitative characteristics

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the selection of spring wheat in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. Field trials have been carried out and an assessment has been made for the F1 and F2 generation hybrids obtained by crossing. Evaluation was carried out on 29 hybrid combinations, the parental forms of which were local varieties allowed for cultivation and foreign genotypes.The quantitative assessment included indicators of productive bushiness, graininess, grain weight per ear and 1000 seeds weight.Selection based on genetic information was carried out using the KATU W-51 marker developed for the TaDr1 gene of a transcription repressor involved in the adaptation mechanism in response to drought. The most successful hybrid combinations of interest in terms of drought tolerance and productivity in contrasting moisture conditions in Northern Kazakhstan have been identified.These hybrids were distinguished by over-dominance and positive transgression over the parental forms when inheriting traits. The combinations ♀H749-4×♂Akmola 2, ♀Br.Line-Z2×♂Saratovskaya 60, ♀Br.Line-Z2 × ♂Karagandinskaya 31, ♀Altayskaya zhnitsa × ♂Br.line Z2, ♀MMF177 × ♂Altayskaya zhnitsa were identified as the best F1 hybrids in terms of the degree of dominance over parental forms. Hybrids F2♀ Karabalykskaya 92 × ♂Br.Line - S27,♀Karagandinskaya 70 × ♂Line-20 were distinguished by positive transgression for a weakly inherited trait of productive bushiness. According to the indicator of the mass of 1000 seeds positive transgression was shown by the combinations ♀Shortandinskaya 95 × ♂Omskaya 30, ♀Karabalykskaya 92 × ♂Br.Line-S27,♀Akmola 2 × ♂Omskaya 30, ♀Aktyubinka × ♂Н1142, Erythrospermum × ♂Br.Line-S45. As a result of genotyping, hybrids were identified that showed good division into alleles: Tertsiya× Br.Line-Z3, Karabalykskaya92 × Br.Line-S27, Shortandinskaya 95 ul. × Br.Line-F45, Shortandinskaya 95ul. × H1142-1.