EARLY INHERITANCE OF THE SHORT-STEM AND COLEOPTILE LENGTH TRAIT BY HYBRIDS BETWEEN FOREIGN AND KAZAKH VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF CENTRAL AND NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

Coleoptile is vital for the successful formation of the crop, and long coleoptiles are preferable in wheat growing regions where deep sowing is practiced and dry growing seasons prevail. The Central and Northern regions of Kazakhstan are the main wheat producers. In recent years, in a changing climate, it has become especially important to obtain drought-resistant, lodging new varieties. In the primary selection, an important aspect is the determination of the length of the coleoptile in hybrids. This indicator will determine the depth of seed sowing and their germination. In our study, a collection of foreign and Kazakhstani varieties was studied, in particular, drought resistance, coleoptile height and length for 5 years. After selecting the most drought-resistant, productive, lodging-resistant varieties, 24 parent varieties were selected from 127 varieties for crossbreeding. According to the results of the crossing, 167 hybrids were obtained, of which, according to the above characteristics, 18 samples were selected to study the early inheritance of the short-stem trait and the length of the coleoptile. As a result, 3 hybrid forms were identified, where the height of the straw ranged from 41 cm to 62.5 cm (the average value for the two studied regions), while the length of the coleoptile was 5.12-5.26 cm. At the specified height of the straw, the coleoptile length indicator is optimal for the studied areas.