DETERMINATION OF THE ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES OF VARIOUS ORIGIN IN THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

Currently, there is an acute shortage of vegetable protein in the nutrition of people and the feeding of farm animals. This problem can be solved by introducing leguminous crops into production, of which Glycinemax (L.) Merr soy is the most promising. A serious obstacle to increasing the acreage under soybeanswas the lack of varieties adapted to local meteorological conditions. Currently, it is important to carry out work on the adaptation of varieties that combine precocity, high yield and product quality. Sowing and evaluation of the collection nursery were carried out according to the "Methodological guidelines for the study of leguminous crops" developed by the All-Russian Institute of Plant Breeding named after N.I.Vavilov (VIR). Field research was conducted in accordance with the methodology "Methods of studying collections of leguminous crops".
A comprehensive assessment of soybean varieties according to economically
valuable characteristics and yield was carried out, and the relationship of quality
indicators of soybean varieties and elements of the product structure with yield was
established. According to the results of the study, on the basis of precocity, Neihe 58,
Heihe 33. Heihe 49, Bara, Beidou 26, Beidou 51, Suiyang 1 varieties differed. The
growing season of these varieties was 90-92 days. The varieties Heihe 33, Heihe 35,
Bar, Heihe 44, Heihe 49, Beidou 26, Beidou 43, Huajiong 2; LongKen 310, Kenfeng
6 showed high productivity. This indicator ranged from 10.2-12.8 c/ha. The varieties
Huajiong 2, Beidou 43, Beidou 26, Heihe 49, Bara, Heihe 33 and Heihe 35 had high
indicators in terms of fat and protein content in soybean grains. The fat content
ranged from 17.2 to 21.4%, and the protein content was 35.7-41.8%. The greatest
number of beans in the plant was found in the varieties Heihe 44, Heihe 49, Beidou
26, Beidou 36, the number of beans varied from 19.0 to 29.7. Over the years of
research, the mass of 1000 grains ranged from 123.2 to 151.2 grams.Soybean
cultivars with valuable economic and biological characteristics are sources as a
source material in the breeding process.