MONITORING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASE OF PARK (Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici) IN DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL ZONES OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

Stem (black, linear) rust is one of the most dangerous diseases of wheat, its development to the level of epiphytotics leads to the yield decrease and quality
degradation in the cereals of the Triticum family.
The disease of stem rust, being very common in nature, affects wheat in all periods of vegetative development, from the seedling stage to the maturation stage.
The disease disrupts the water balance in diseased plants, leads to premature drying of leaves and stems, impairs grain production, reduces the number of grains in the spikelet, and thereby reduces the yield of wheat. In some years, due to the complete affection of the stem by rust, empty spikelets are formed. Every year, due to stem rust disease, the average wheat yield in the world decreases by 10 %, and in our republic it decreases by more than 10 %, during the epiphytotic years - up to 30-40 %. In the north and east of Kazakhstan, the development of stem rust occurs every year. One of the ways to preserve the crop from damage by stem rust is to ensure timely phytosanitary monitoring of sown areas, obtaining high-quality, cost-effective wheat varieties and their introduction into production. For the production of wheat resistant to sowing, it is necessary to find resistant objects used in breeding.