Study of agrochemical properties and microbial diversity of soils of Southern Kazakhstan

Abstract

Background and Aim. Soil is an important component of the ecosystem, providing plants with the nutrients and water resources necessary for their growth and development. The agrochemical properties, pH, and electrical conductivity of soil determine the viability and biological activity of microorganisms. The aim of this study is to investigate the agrochemical indicators (pH, electrical conductivity and
nutrient content) of soil samples collected in the Sauran, Zhanakorgan, and Turkestan districts, as well as to evaluate the composition of soil microflora and the morphological, cultural and physiologicalbiochemical properties of microorganism strains.
Materials and Methods. During the study, the agrochemical indicators of soil samples collected in each district were determined using standard methods. The morphological, cultural, and physiologicalbiochemical properties of pure cultures of microorganisms isolated from the soil were examined. The ability of the strains to utilize carbohydrates, the activity of amylase and gelatinase enzymes, and their
thermo- and salt tolerance were evaluated. In addition, the mutual biocompatibility of the isolated strains was assessed.
Results. The isolated microorganisms were identified at the family level and were found to belong to the genera Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. Strains Sn1, Sn5, Sn6, Jn1, Jn2, TBS583 and TBS588 showed enzymatic activity, the ability to effectively utilise carbohydrates, and resistance to temperature and salt stress. The biocompatibility results demonstrated their ability to grow together without antagonism.
Conclusion. The studied strains are promising microorganisms for increasing soil biological fertility
and producing environmentally friendly biofertilizers. Their use in agriculture may contribute to increased plant productivity and the maintenance of soil ecological balance.