Fungicidal properties of soil actinomycetes and their influence on the growth and development of peas

Abstract

Background and purpose. Currently, the role of biological drugs is increasing compared to chemical ones. Their main advantage is reducing the pesticide load on agrocenoses and producing products that are more environmentally friendly and healthy. The purpose of the study is to study the fungicidal activity of soil actinomycetes in relation to pathogens and the growth-promoting properties of peas. The study of soil actinomycetes is a promising direction in crop production to act against phytopathogenic fungi and stimulate the growth of crops.

Materials and methods. The antagonistic activity of actinomycetes against fungal diseases of peas was tested in laboratory conditions using the agar block method. The growth-stimulating properties of cultural filtrates of actinomycetes in relation to pea seedlings were studied using the method of O.A. Berestetsky. An assessment of the effect of inoculation of pea seeds by active actinomycete strains on the crop structure was carried out in the field.
Results. The conducted studies showed that the  actinomycetes Streptomyces microsporus st.12, Streptomyces auratus pc.42 and Streptomyces platensis st.44 can be promising agents for the biocontrol of fungal infections of peas, as they have high antagonistic activity. In relation to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, antagonism manifested itself with the formation of a lysis zone with adiameter of 20-27 mm; in relation to Alternaria triticina № 8, inhibition of the growth of the phytopathogen ranged from 12 mm to 18 mm; Alternaria tenuissima № 5 was suppressed by 12-17 mm; Drechslera graminea № 2 - 12 mm to 35 mm. Pieces had a stimulating effect on the seedlings №37, st. №23, st. №31, due to substances released by actinomycetes into the habitat. The rhizogenic effect was manifested in st. № 1, st. № 10, st. №12, st. №43 so the length of the roots in these variants increased to 50% compared to the control. When using various strains of actinomycetes and the consortium under field conditions, suppression of the development of root rot was established by 28-64% in the initial period of pea growth and up tо 88.6% in the flowering phase. Inoculation of pea seeds with active strains of actinomycetes had a positive effect on the elements of the structure of the pea crop.
Conclusion. Strains № 12, 42, 44, 37, 23 can be used in the creation of biological products to stimulate the growth of peas and in the fight against fungal diseases of this crop.