THEORETICAL AND LABORATORY RESEARCH OF A CENTRAL PNEUMATIC SEEDING SYSTEM FOR A WIDE-COVERAGE SEEDER

Abstract

A multitude of factors affect the yield and quality of agricultural crops, one of which is the sowing process. The quality execution of sowing directly influences the future harvest. Considering the soil and climatic conditions and the vast sowing areas in northern Kazakhstan, high-quality and timely sowing is ensured by large-scale, high performance pneumatic seeders that are adapted to the region's soilclimatic, organizational, and economic conditions. Therefore, there is a need to create a scientificallybased, high-performance, and high-tech wide coverage pneumatic seeder, adapted to specific soil and climatic conditions of northern Kazakhstan for grain sowing, that ensures high sowing quality. One of the most critical elements of such a machine is the central pneumatic sowing system. A review and analysis of research on centra  pneumatic systems showed that studies were mainly conducted on individual components. However, the essence of our research lies in a comprehensive theoretical and laboratory investigation of all components of the central pneumatic system. For the theoretical study of seed and mineral fertilizer movement from the seed-fertilizer metering unit to the openers, the laws of two-phase flow mechanics were used. For laboratory research, a test bench with a central pneumatic sowing ap-paratus was constructed, on which the technological parameters of the developed pneumatic centralized sowing system were determined according to standardized methodologies in accordance with GOST standards. The theoretical studies conducted provide an overall picture of the interrela tionships between the design parameters of all components and the technological pa-rameters of the seeder. The results of laboratory experiments established that the de-veloped central pneumatic sowing system is not  inferior to foreign counterparts in terms of quality indicators.