INFLUENCE OF WEATHER CONDITIONS IN THE STEPPE ZONE OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT

Abstract

Due to the increasing climate changes, the study of the level of variability of spring wheat productivity in the conditions of the steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan, depending on the nature of precipitation, is very relevant. Currently, there is an opinion in the north of Kazakhstan that the highest yield of spring wheat can be obtained only at a later sowing date. The conducted research has established that the late sowing of spring wheat in the steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan does not always contribute to increasing the productivity of this crop. The high yield (26.9 c/ha) of the studied varieties of spring wheat in the experiment was noted at an early sowing date. In the years with precipitation in the middle of summer, the maximum yield of the studied wheat varieties did not exceed 20.5 c/ha. The practical significance and novelty of this work lies in the fact that on the basis of this work it is shown that in the conditions of the dry steppe of northern Kazakhstan, the yield of spring wheat varieties does not always correlate with late sowing dates. The conducted studies have shown that out of the ten years studied, only 30% accounted for years with precipitation in the middle of the summer period, 60% accounted for the maximum precipitation, which was shifted to the beginning of the summer period and only one year (10%) was represented by precipitation, which was shifted to the late summer period. The research was carried out on the basis of LLP "North Kazakhstan Agricultural Company" (North Kazakhstan region, Shagalaly village). Arable lands of the farm are represented by carbonate chernozems. The predecessor is black steam. Sowing dates: 10V, 15V, 20V, 25V, 30V, 05VI. The research was carried out within the framework of the program: "Building a decision-making system for the production of basic types of agricultural crops based on the adaptation of the DSSAT model of agricultural growth and development. an integrated management system for livestock production based on Smart technologies with the formation of an information base of scientific and technical documentation on agro technologies for agricultural entities in order to create Smart systems in agriculture".