HERALD OF SCIENCE OF S SEIFULLIN KAZAKH AGRO TECHNICAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY: Veterinary sciences

Study of the Immunologic Value of Trichinella spiralis recombinant Protein Tsp-LE

Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Background and Aim. Trichinellosis is a serious zoonotic disease, with frequent outbreaks reported across various regions in Europe and Asia. However, current diagnostic tests based on excretory-secretory antigens (ES-Ag) and somatic antigens (S-Ag) lack adequate specificity and sensitivity. Moreover, the production of these antigens is both labor-intensive and costly.
Materials and Methods. The immunodiagnostic potential of a recombinant 11 kDa serine protease protein, previously characterized in earlier studies was assessed. This study detected infection in Balb/c mice as early as 14 days post infection with T. spiralis larvae, yielding no false-positive results and an average infection level of 61±5.3 larvae per mouse.
Results. Comparative indirect ELISA analysis on mouse sera after the 3rd and 5th immunizations, alongside tests on S Ag and S-Ag using sera from infected rabbits and pigs, demonstrated the high diagnostic accuracy of the recombinant protein. The protein revealed strong specificity for trichinellosis detection, showing no cross reactivity with echinococcosis.
Conclusion. These findings support using rTsp-LE as a reliable component in developing ELISA test systems for trichinellosis detection.

Meat Quality Control in Beef Production

Sabyrbekova Sh. K. , Ilgekbayeva G. D. — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) system is primarily a risk assessment method focused on identifying and controlling the risk factors classified as the critical control points. Pathogenic microorganisms can enter the meat supply chain at various points along their path. Live animals can harbor various pathogens, while unhygienic conditions during slaughter and processing introduce external contamination risks, and cross contamination can occur during handling and cooking. Traditionally, pathogen control is concentrated in the processing stage. Despite its effectiveness, approaches like HACCP do not fully satisfy the consumer demands for food safety. A more comprehensive approach targeting pathogen control at every stage of the supply chain that is, “from farm-to-table,” offers broader
coverage and greater integration.

Meat is one of the most perishable food products, providing an ideal environment for the growth of a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. Foodborne illnesses result from the consumption of bacteria, toxins, or cells produced by microorganisms present in food. Past outbreaks have been linked to various stages of the meat production process; hence, it is logical to develop a risk assessment model encompassing all stages, from raising food animals and processing carcasses to meat preparation and consumption.

The primary task in meat production is the evaluation of the microbiological quality of raw meat and the sanitary conditions at processing facilities based on the presence of indicator microorganisms in the meat, equipment, and processing plants. Accordingly, hygienic measures in meat production, processing, and retail aim to ensure meat safety, prevent rapid spoilage, and preserve its quality. HACCP, which heavily relies on prerequisite programs like good hygienic practice and sanitation standard operating procedures, provides enhanced hygiene standards essential for producing safe meat and meat products throughout the entire meat supply chain.

Analysis of microbial contamination in different types of meat in the Kostanay region

Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Background and Aim. Meat is a favourable environment for the growth and viability of pathogenic microorganisms. Bacteria in meat cause spoilage and increase the risk of foodborne toxic infections of various origins during consumption. The importance of monitoring and analysing microbial contamination is increasing due to increased requirements for food safety and public health protection. The aim of the study was to analyse the overall level of microbial contamination of different types of meat sampled from retail outlets in the Kostanay region.
Materials and Methods. A total of 30 meat samples, including pork, beef, and horse meat, were collected for analysis. To assess microbial contamination of the meat, the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultatively anaerobic microorganisms (QMAFAnM) and their species composition were determined.
Results. It was found that 96% of the meat sold at the retail level had elevated QMAFAnM, with coliforms isolated in 30% of the samples. Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were not detected in the meat tested. Pork meat had the highest microbial contamination compared to beef and horse meat samples.
Conclusion. Exceeding the permitted levels of QMAFAnM and the presence of coliform bacteria indicate potential health risks for consumers and more effective measures are required to ensure food safety.

Plants with radioprotective properties: current research and application prospects

Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Background and Aim. The objective of this study is to investigate plants capable of reducing radionuclide accumulation in animals and to develop scientifically substantiated dietary feed supplements suitable for the conditions of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS). Plants with radioprotective properties play a critical role in the context of the former SNTS.
Materials and Methods. The selection criteria for the plants included their ability to bind and remove radionuclides as well as their antioxidant activity. Key species studied included the fruits of wild apple, rosehip, rowan, and hawthorn. The selected plants were harvested, dried, and processed into powdered and extract forms. A series of experiments were conducted on livestock to test various feed supplements enriched with radioprotective plants and dietary compounds such as pectin and potassium ferrocyanide. These radioprotective agents were incorporated into animal feed at concentrations of 5–7% to evaluate their effectiveness. Radiometric monitoring in experimental areas was carried out using instruments such as the RKS-01-SOLO radiometer-dosimeter, XFC-AT 6130 dosimeter-radiometer, and RAMON-02 radon monitor. Highly sensitive dosimeters were used to determine radionuclide levels in plants.
Results. The use of radioprotective plants as feed additives reduced radionuclide content in meat by 15% compared to the control group. The application of radioprotective agents facilitated the accelerated elimination of radionuclides from animals’ bodies. In the experimental group, the radionuclide excretion period was reduced to 15 days compared to the control group.
Conclusion. The study results demonstrate the effectiveness of radioprotective plants in reducing radioactive substances in animals. These plants exhibit the ability to bind and remove radionuclides from animals’ bodies. Feed additives based on these plants enhance productivity, quality, and safety of livestock products in areas affected by the former SNTS.

Antigenic Activity of Various Rhodococcus equi Strain Plasmids

Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Background and Aim. Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) infection is a fatal cause of equine rhodococcosis. Infections have also been reported in other species and humans. This study evaluated the immune response of R. equi in rabbits.
Materials and Methods. Different strains of R. equi (with and without plasmids) were administered to rabbits. Blood samples were collected from the ear veins of the rabbits at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the initial administration of the antigen, and the serum was examined for specific antibodies against R. equi plasmid antigens using the complement fixation reaction.
Results. The minimum antibody level was recorded on day 7. The average antibody level throughout the study period was slightly above the median, indicating a small asymmetry toward higher values. By day 28, the antibody level had reached 75% of values ≤4.25.
Conclusion. All strains of R. equi exhibited antigenic properties to varying degrees. The antibody level upon plasmid pVapN administration was higher than that of the other cases.