HERALD OF SCIENCE OF S SEIFULLIN KAZAKH AGRO TECHNICAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY: Veterinary sciences

Immunogenic activity of a prototype activated moraxella vaccine under experimental conditions

F. A. Bakiyeva — 2025-03-31

Background and Aim. The spread of moraxellosis in cattle among Kazakhstan has become a pressing issue in modern agricultural markets. Preventive measures are essential to mitigate economic losses. This study aimed to assess the immunogenic activity of a prototype inactivated autogenous antimoraxellosis vaccine developed from a local inactivated strain of the pathogen.

Materials and Methods. An outbreak culture was isolated from an animal showing signs of infectious eye disease, which was identified as Moraxella bovis B-2017/44 based on its culture and morphological characteristics. This strain was used to produce an autogenous vaccine using Montanide ISA 70 VG oil adjuvant (France). The vaccine’s immunogenicity was tested via a prolonged complement fixation reaction in Aberdeen Angus calves. The immunogenic properties were evaluated in comparison with a vaccine for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, which utilizes Moraxella bovis antigens and herpesvirus type I, created in Kazan, Russia.

Results. The autogenous anti-moraxellosis vaccine with Montanide ISA 70 VG adjuvant was effective against moraxellosis in cattle. Sterility and safety were evaluated in laboratory animals, whereas immunogenicity was assessed in calves over 12 months. The highest antibody titers were recorded on day 120 after vaccination.

Conclusion. The developed vaccine, based on the locally inactivated strain Moraxella bovis B-2017/44, enhances antiepizootic efforts and reduces economic losses from infectious keratoconjunctivitis in cattle.

Effects of interleukin-15 on bovine natural killer and CD8+ T cells and its potential in treating viral infections

K.N. Mukantayev — 2025-03-31

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a promising cytokine for immunotherapy of human cancers and bovine viral infections. IL-15 indirectly has a negative effect on tumor and virus-infected cells by activating the signaling pathways of proliferation and activation of natural killer (NK) and memory CD8+ T cells. IL-15 therapy may have widespread clinical use, particularly when combined with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T or CAR NK cells. Additionally, the use of IL-15 in combination with checkpoint inhibitors and other therapies holds promise as a treatment for cancer and viral infections. Understanding the biological characteristics of IL-15 is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to explore recent advances in IL-15 research, focusing on its antitumor mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment, advances in IL-15-based therapies for bovine viral infections, and its integration with other treatment approaches, including monoclonal antibodies.

The immunity and sanitary conditions among people regarding the Covid-19 infection in the post-pandemic period

L.B. Kutumbetov — 2025-03-31

Background and Aim. A year after the official declaration of the end of the pandemic, this study aimed to assess the epidemic situation by testing a small group of individuals for the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and neutralizing antibodies.

Materials and Methods. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected to isolate SARS-CoV-2 virus in cell culture, while venous blood samples were tested for neutralizing antibodies using a quantitative neutralization reaction. The study included 20 participants (approximately 10% of the team), of whom 16 had been vaccinated against COVID-19, and 4 remained unvaccinated. Vaccinated individuals included 4 who received Sputnik V (over 30 months prior) and 12 who received QazCOVID-in.

Results. All 20 participants demonstrated neutralizing antibodies against the Wuhan variant of the virus. For the Delta and Omicron variants, 19 participants showed neutralizing antibodies. Average antibody titers were 6.4 ± 1.39 log₂ for the Wuhan variant, 6.2 ± 1.89 log₂ for the Delta variant, and 4.75 ± 1.84 log₂ for the Omicron variant.

Conclusion. The study highlights the persistence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among both vaccinated and unvaccinated participants, though variation in neutralization efficacy was observed among different virus variants. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring immune responses to track population-level immunity and guide future vaccination strategies.

Clinical status in viral diseases of dogs complicated by associations of opportunistic microorganisms

Y.E. Aleshina — 2025-03-31

Background and Aim. Infectious pathologies are prevalent among canines, with the majority being of viral etiology. The most notable examples include carnivore plague and adenovirus infection. A distinctive attribute of viral infections is their tendency to occur in clusters, whereas monoinfections are observed with a lower frequency. Clinically, high mortality rates are frequently observed in viral diseases, often due to the development of secondary infections that complicate the course of the primary disease. The objective of the present study was to investigate the clinical manifestations (symptoms, haematological and biochemical blood parameters) of viral diseases (i.e. canine plague and adenovirus infection) in dogs complicated by opportunistic microorganisms, in the conditions of Kostanay city, RK.

Materials and Methods. Canines of various breeds, sexes and age groups were utilised as subjects for the study. The diagnosis of viral diseases in canines was conducted in a comprehensive manner. Dogs with confirmed viral infection were sampled for the isolation and identification of opportunistic microorganisms.

Results. In Kostanay city, from 2022 to 2024, 15 cases of plague of carnivores and 12 cases of adenovirus infection were registered, 13 isolates of opportunistic microorganisms were detected and identified. Blood analysis in monoinfection showed decreased erythrocyte count, haemoglobin and platelet levels. In adenovirus type CAV-1, there were abnormalities in total bilirubin, ALT, AST alkaline phosphotase, and albumin. Blood analysis in viral diseases complicated by associations of opportunistic microorganisms showed leukocytosis, increased neutrophils, globulins and urea indicating the development of secondary infection.

Conclusion. The combination of clinical symptoms and laboratory data allow a more accurate assessment of the severity of the animal's condition and identify lesions of various body systems. The prevalence of opportunistic microorganisms in viral pathologies aggravate the course of the main disease and cause the development of secondary infection.

Meat Product Adulteration: Modern Detection Methods and Food Safety Assurance

S.N. Borovikov — 2025-03-31

Intentional adulteration of meat products through falsification can impact product safety and consumer properties. Adulteration involves the addition of low-quality or unauthorized ingredients and deviations from declared standards, posing potential health risks to consumers. Various laboratory methods, including DNA analysis, chemical, and physicochemical studies, are used to control adulteration. These methods allow for precise determination of product composition and identification of discrepancies with declared characteristics. However, there is no universal method capable of detecting all types of counterfeit. Identifying counterfeit products requires a combination of analytical approaches, each targeting specific violations. For detecting adulteration in meat products, especially those containing poultry meat, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most effective method. This review examines various types of food adulteration and analytical methods for their detection. Improving detection methods to ensure food safety is a key task for protecting consumer health. It is also necessary to strengthen responsibility for compliance with laws and regulations governing the quality requirements of meat products and preventing their falsification.

Determination of the residual content of antibiotics in feed on a Randox analyzer

Zh.A. Suranshiyev — 2025-03-31

Background and Aim. Antibiotics are widely used in animal husbandry to prevent diseases and stimulate growth, but their residual content in animal feed and products poses a significant risk of antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the need to use organic feed, free of antibiotics, to reduce the risks of antibiotic resistance and improve the quality of livestock products.

Materials and Methods. In this work, the content of antibiotics in various types of feed (succulent, roughage and concentrated) was analyzed using the Randox method. The study showed that in many samples, the antibiotic content exceeds detection limits, especially for streptomycin (86.43 parts per billion), quinolones (35.56 parts per billion) and tetracyclines (17.56 parts per billion). In coarse feeds, concentrations of ceftifur (29.28 parts per billion) and quinolones (11.92 parts per billion) also exceed detection limits, while in concentrated feeds, levels of streptomycin (24.25 parts per billion) and quinolones (20.14 parts per billion) remain significant.

Results. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the feed groups for tamfenicol (p=0.002), tylosin (p=0.006) and tetracycline (p=0.02), which confirms the need for enhanced control and monitoring of antibiotic residues. The absence of official maximum permissible levels (MPL) for antibiotics in feed in Kazakhstan requires the development and implementation of regulatory regulations.

Conclusion. The transition to the use of organic feed and alternative methods of preventing animal diseases seems to be a promising solution to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance and improve the safety of livestock products.

Analysis of fatp1 and px-domain genes to investigate the possibility of using them in species-specific diagnosis of Trichinella nativa infection

A.Kh. Zhumalin — 2025-03-31

Background and Aim. Trichinellosis, caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella, is a zooanthroponotic infection which importance is steadily increasing due to its widespread distribution and significant impact on human and animal health. This study focuses on the species of Trichinella nativa, one of the most resistant species adapted to cold conditions, which frequently infects various wild mammalian species.

Materials and Methods. Recent molecular studies have helped to clarify the genetic structure of T. nativa, but significant gaps remain in understanding its immunogenic profile and biological characteristics. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis using the BepiPred 3.0 tool of two key T. nativa proteins, the long-chain fatty acid transport protein (FATP1) and the phox-homology (PX) domain, to identify potential B-cell epitopes and understand their interaction with the host immune system has identified several significant immunogenic regions in both proteins. A more detailed study of these proteins and their analysis may be relevant for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents.

Results. Our results emphasize the need for further research on the immunobiology of T. nativa, especially in the context of increasing cases associated with climate and environmental changes.

Conclusion. This study provides important insights that can contribute to the development of specific diagnostic methods and effective control strategies for trichinellosis, improving public health in the affected Kazakhstan regions.

Assessment of the milk produced by mastitis-affected cows using an extruded feed supplement containing phytogenics

G.N. Аbakanova — 2025-03-31

Background and Aim. For farmers and dairy producers, producing safe and high-quality milk is a top priority. Despite the enormous number of animals, there are several causes for low milk yield, such as the prevalence of livestock-borne diseases, widespread livestock farming techniques, and a low realization of the genetic potential of animals. Mastitis is a common infectious condition in dairy production that is the primary source of antibiotic residues in milk and has a substantial financial impact. The study aimed to investigate the effects of an extruded polyfunctional feed supplement called «BioFeed-P» which contains bitter wormwood extract on the physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of mastitic cow milk.

Materials and Methods. The research material included samples of cow's milk and feed additives made of extruded components that were created by barothermal treatment of grain forage, specifically barley, and oats, with the addition of the extruded BioFeed-P additive and wormwood bitter extract. The additive was created and manufactured at the NCJSC «S.Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University» in the manufacturing and testing workshop of «NFT-KATU» LLP. Standard organoleptic and physicochemical techniques were used to study milk.

Results. It was demonstrated that feed additives improved the physicochemical characteristics of milk. There was a 3.1% increase in protein content and a 10% increase in milk fat content. Following the application of extruded additives with phytogenics, a 68% reduction in the number of somatic cells in the milk of mastitis-affected cows was noted.

Conclusion. When combined with bitter wormwood extract, the extruded BioFeed-P additive improves physicochemical parameters and dramatically lowers the number of somatic cells in milk from mastitis-affected cows.