HERALD OF SCIENCE OF S SEIFULLIN KAZAKH AGRO TECHNICAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY: Veterinary sciences

Occurrence of larval anisakid in imported mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in Astana fish markets

R. Uakhit — 2024-09-30

Background and Aim: This study aimed to investigate the presence of Anisakis larvae in mackerel fish sold in Astana markets, focusing on specimens imported from Norway and Iceland. The high prevalence of A. simplex (s.s.) larvae in the examined mackerel indicates the significance of this fish as a potential source of human anisakiasis.
Materials and Methods. Morphological analyses were deemed insufficient for accurate identification of Anisakis larval species, highlighting the necessity for more advanced molecular tools. Through partial sequencing of the 5.8S gene, the isolated Anisakis larvae from Norwegian Sea mackerel and Atlantic mackerel were classified as A. simplex (s.s.), demonstrating the efficacy of molecular methods in distinguishing closely related species.

Results. A high prevalence of A. simplex (s.s.) larvae was observed in 47 out of 50 examined mackerel, indicating the significance of this fish as a potential source of human anisakiasis.
Conclusion. These findings significantly contribute to understanding Anisakis larvae in fish within Kazakhstan and are pertinent to public health. The study underscores the importance of moleculargenomic analysis in this field and emphasizes the potential risks associated with inadequate expertise. Importantly, the study calls for further research on the genetic variability and infection rates of these parasites to monitor the status of A. simplex in Kazakhstan.

Keratinolytic testing for diagnosing dermatophytosis in small domestic animals

A. М. Smagulova — 2024-09-30

Background and Aim. Keratin is used as a structural element by numerous animal groups. Because of the strength and stability of keratin, few organisms can break it down and use it as a food source. Only a few insects, bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi can use keratin as their sole carbon and nitrogen source. The enzymatic ability of fungi to degrade keratin has long been considered a key innovation in the evolution of animal dermatology. The aim of the work is to develop keratinolytic tests for use and to identify their pathogenicity in the diagnosis of dermatomycetes of small domestic animals.
Materials and Methods. There were investigated the strains of the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and animal hair. The diagnosis for the detection of keratinolytic properties was carried out on three tests: hair perforation, nutrient media with grind animal hair and keratin hydrolysate. Results. The authors of this article present studies for diagnosing dermatophytosis in small domestic animals for pathogenicity using three keratinolytic tests: hair perforation, the addition of ground animal hair, and keratin hydrolysate to the culture medium. The three tests demonstrated high keratinolytic activity, which manifested as the formation of pegs on hair and the appearance of a clearing zone in the culture media under the influence of keratinase. It was also established that in media containing hair and keratin hydrolysate, the growth of cultures was faster, and the cultures did not exhibit pleomorphism, which is a positive aspect in terms of the accuracy and speed of diagnosis.
Conclusion. Keratinolytic test allows to determine the pathogenicity of small domestic animal dermaticosis pathogens. The test showed that cultures do not form pleomorphisms, which contributes to the accurate identification of pathogens.

Development of conventional designations for veterinary epidemic significant objects

E. E. Mukhanbetkaliyev — 2024-09-30

Background and Aim. Epidemiologically significant objects are objects related to veterinary activities, requiring strict control and supervision, since violation of sanitary and hygienic requirements imposed on them, deterioration of the epidemiological situation at these objects can contribute to the emergence and spread of diseases, which in turn will lead to large negative economic, environmental and social consequences. This research aims to develop conventional designations of objects that have epidemiological significance in the country for their subsequent use in cartographic analysis, forecasting, and risk assessment of the spread of infectious diseases.
Materials and Methods. Conventional forms were developed for almost all objects that may have any epidemiological significance. These facilities were relatively categorized into 4 areas: veterinary, agricultural, municipal, and other epidemically significant facilities. Conventional forms of designation of epidemically significant objects were developed using the CorelDraw program.

Results. In total, symbols have been developed for 48 epidemiologically significant objects, including 14 veterinary, 17 agricultural, 7 municipal, and 10 other objects. The shape of all symbols was defined as a quadrangle with equal sides, while each group of symbols has its color for the border of the figure. The design and drawing of each symbol were developed in such a way that both specialists and ordinary users could visually understand what this sign meant.
Conclusion. The developed symbols will allow more effective use of information and communication technologies for forecasting and assessing the risk of spreading the most relevant contagious diseases in our country. This will subsequently allow more effective preventive and anti-epizootic measures.

Assessment of genetic diversity using microsatellite markers and milk productivity of Mugalzhar horses

Sh.N. Kassymbekova — 2024-09-30

Background and Aim. At "Chromtau Beef" LLP in Aktobe region, Mugalzhar horse breed is primarily used for meat and milk production. This largely depends on improving breeding techniques through introduction genetic achievements in farm and identifying and realizing genetic potential for productivity and breeding quality in production. The purpose this research was to study the zootechnical and genetic characteristics of modern population horses Mugalzhar breed using DNA markers. Materials and Methods. In this study, we studied polymorphism microsatellite markers to assess genetic differentiation sample Mugalzhar horses. Data on 17 microsatellite loci 20 heads horses from Aktobe population were used. The results were compared using GenAlEx 6.503 program: FST was calculated using matrix distances between alleles; according to matrix distances between genotypes.
Results. The study zootechnical characteristics revealed that horses did not differ from breed standard in measurements. The milk production linebred mares varied considerably during 105 days lactation (average milk production Bekzat, Bau and Paluantora mares was 1701.0, 1492.05 and 1431.15 litres, respectively). Higher productivity was observed at 2-3 months lactation, after which milk yields gradually decreased and more sharply towards end lactation. Estimates genetic differentiation breed were obtained: FST = 0.028, matrix distances between genotypes = 0.015. A high correlation of FST and GD with Nei polocus differentiation scores was found (100). The inbreeding coefficient Fis for studied loci was found to have negative value (-0.014), which shows predominance heterozygous genotypes in Mugalzhar breed horse population.
Conclusion. The coefficients variability (Cv) for both size and live weight are low, indicating uniformity horses. Our research has shown that Mugalzhar mares from different lines have different levels milk production. Simulation Mugalzhar breed with GD close to zero resulted in increase in number alleles per locus by 40%. It is advisable to use results obtained in development breeding measures to
preserve diversity of breed.

Determination of the residual content of veterinary drugs in rаw mаterials of аnimal оrigin by enzyme immuno assay method

M. A. Berdikulov — 2024-09-30

Background and Aim. The аrticlе deаls with the problem of the use of residual veterinary drugs in animal husbandry and poultry farming. In thе mоdern wоrld, thе use of antibiotics in animal husbandry is a common problem. However, their use is often uncontrolled and can lead to contamination of fооd prоducts of animal оrigin with medicines. Within the framework of this work, the contamination of rаw mаterials of animal origin and food products sоld on the territory of Kazakhstan has been studied.
Materials and Methods. The studies were conducted by enzyme-linked immunoassay (hereinafter referred to as ELISA) to determine the permissible levels of residual content of veterinary drugs. The studies took into account the content of residual amounts of pollutants such as chloramphenicol, sulfamethazine, nitrofuran 3-amino 5morpholinomethyl-2oxazolidinone (AMOZ), bacitracin in rаw materials of аnimаl origin: horse meat, pork, poultry, beef, lamb. The use of the ELISA method for the anаlysis оf thе contеnt of antibiotics in meat allows for accuracy and reliability in determining the residues of veterinary drugs. This is necessary to comply with regulatory requirements and ensure the safety of meat products consumption.
Results. Our results show that the residual levels of antibiotics in animal raw materials are within the permissible limits. This is аn impоrtant conclusiоn fоr foоd safеty.

Conclusion. Based on the studies conducted in this work, monitoring of antibiotic residue in animal raw materials, it can be concluded that, their use in livestock and food production should be monitored continuously.

Improvement of direct microscopy method for differential diagnosis of skin mycoses

G. E. Bailina — 2024-09-30

Background and Aim.In the practice of veterinary doctors, a number of methods for diagnosing dermatomycoses are used, methods of direct and luminescent microscopy are undeservedly ignored. Сomparative analysis of staining methods for improving the method of direct microscopy, rapid and reliable detection of spores and mycelium in biomaterial, identification of pathogens and differential diagnosis of skin mycoses is of crucial importance for the effective treatment of animals
Materials and Methods. 47 clinical samples of wool and skin taken from farm animals were examined for dermatomycetes. Diagnosis was performed using direct microscopy, fluorescence microscopy with calcofluor, and culture medium culture Saburo.

Results. During the study of 47 samples of biological material, it was found that during microscopy the pathogen was detected in 10 cases (21.3%), during KOH microscopy - in 15 cases (29.9%), during KOH microscopy with other dyes in 11 cases (23.4%), during KOH microscopy with color calcofluor in 25 cases (53.2%). The efficiency of the KOH microscopy method with white calcofluor in comparison with direct microscopy was 60% higher, in comparison with KOH microscopy with other dyes - by 56%, classical KOH microscopy by 43.8%. By the culture method, pathogens were detected in 28 cases (59.6%), of which 7 Trichophyton spp., 1 Microsporum spp., 14 Aspergillius spp., 6 yeast. Growth was absent in 19 samples (40.4%), bacteria were detected in 3 samples (6.3%). In comparison with КOH microscopy with calcofluor white, positive results were confirmed in 89.3%.
Conclusion. The use of coloring with various dyes of morphological elements of micromycetes in pure cultures allows you to identify mycelial hyphae of various thicknesses, spores, conidia, other morphological structures and carry out a quick preliminary identification of dermatomycetes and opportunistic mold fungi in smears.

Analysis of heavy metals content in domestic and imported poultry meat

О. М. Omirzakov — 2024-09-30

Background and Aim. Heavy metal contamination of the environment and food has attracted intense public attention as it poses a serious threat to the ecological system and human health. Heavy metals are chemical elements that have a toxic effect on the human body. The expansion of various industries has led to a significant increase in levels of these components within envi ronment.
Materials and Methods. Current work represents diagnostics and comparison of the content of heavy metals in poultry meat of domestic production and imported origin studied in 2023 using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Results. Large concentrations of arsenic and lead were found in the samples, not exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations, while the cоntent of mercury and cadmium was at trace levels. The obtained data allows to assess the level of heavy metal contamination and compare the safety of poultry meat produced in the Republic of Kazakhstan and abroad.

Conclusion. A clear understanding of the ways and mechanisms by which heavy metals pose a risk to human health when consuming contaminated food products makes it possible to adopt appropriate strategies for managing and mitigating their negative effects. In addition, development of hand-held portable devices is needed for timely on-site diagnostics of HMs to ensure quality of meat products is sufficient for human consumption.

Study of allergic reaction to somatic antigen made from a live plague vaccine of the EV strain

A. B. Bizhanov — 2024-09-30

Background and Aim. This article presents the results of experiments conducted to study delayedtype hypersensitivity to somatic plague antigen derived from a live plague vaccine from strain EB. This study aims to investigate delayed-type hypersensitivity to a somatic plague antigen derived from a live plague vaccine of the EV strain.
Materials and Methods. Methods included the following: extraction of the main somatic antigen from the vaccine strain Yersinia pestis EV, determination of the Lowry protein concentration by superimposing the results obtained from a spectrophotometer's digital optical density values of the test preparation on a calibration line; testing of the allergen for sterility (on nutrient media), toxicity (on healthy white mice and guinea pigs), pyrogenicity (on rabbits), absence of sensitizing properties and specificity (on healthy guinea pigs); and determination of the allergenic activity of the main somatic antigen by detecting its hyperergic reactivity in in vivo experiments on guinea pigs.

Results. Further experiments conducted to study delayed-type hypersensitivity to somatic plague
antigen showed that the obtained preparation is sterile, harmless, apyrogenic, has no sensitizing properties, and is specific. Additionally, evaluating the allergenic activity of different doses of the investigated preparation revealed that a dose of 50 mcg is optimal for intradermal administration.
Conclusion. The conducted studies will be used for quality control of somatic plague antigen-allergen, which will allow detection of the absence of sensitizing properties or immunological harmlessness of the allergen at the site of injection in healthy people and animals, thereby avoiding positive responses in both infected and immunized individuals, as well as minimizing the occurrence of false reactions.