CROP ROTATION WITH THE INCLUSION OF MULTICOMPONENT BEAN-CEREAL MIXTURES IN THE DRY STEPPE ZONE OF PAVLODARIRTYSH

Abstract

The aim of the research is the development of crop rotation with the inclusion of multicomponent legume-cereal mixtures in relation to the agroecological conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Pavlodar Irtysh. The greatest accumulation of organic residues was provided by variants with ternary mixtures (legumes + cereals + grain fodder), the value of which varied from 20 c / ha (peas + millet + oats) to 22.5 c / ha (peas + Sudanese + barley). The highest yield was formed when sowing pea-oat mixture for haylage and grain horticulture, at an early date, where the green mass was 49.8 and 27.1 c / ha, respectively. An increase in the number of crops in a mixture of more than two led to a decrease in overall productivity by an average of 18.3-25.0%. With late sowing on the variant peas + millet + oats, the green mass of haylage was 111.1 centners per hectare, grain crop 47.0 centners per hectare and 26.7 centners per hectare fodder, which is the highest yielding component of the studied feed mixtures. The positive effect of the feed mixture variants was reflected in the formation of the productivity of the second crops after steam, where the oats and barley grain crops formed grain yields of 13.7 and 11.4 c / ha, respectively, which is at the level of yield obtained from the steam field. Also, high yields were noted in other variants of the experiment. Calculations of economic efficiency showed that for all the predecessors studied, all production costs paid off and conditionally net income ofТ29 043 toТ116 706 per hectare was obtained with a high level of profitability.